Parole Is The Release Of A Convicted Offender - 1230 Words

Parole is the release of a convicted offender after he or she has completed a portion of his or her prison sentence (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). Probation is a form of sentence for violating the law, which suspends the convicted offender’s sentence for a period of time and releases the offender back into the community under specific conditions (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The start of probation can be linked to England’s criminal law. During Henry VIII’s time, harsh sanctions were placed on adults and children for violations of the law that were sometimes minor (New York City Government, 2015). The upper class members of the society eventually became dissatisfied with the harsh punishments and became bothered with the change of the†¦show more content†¦Before the mid-nineteenth century offenders received determinate sentences in prison (Rank, n.d.). Determinate sentence is a non-negotiable sentence of incarceration for the specific amount of time as required by statute for that specific crime (U.S. Legal, 2015). Determinate sentencing became problematic because prisons were often overcrowded, which forced governors to issue pardons or prison wardens had to randomly release inmates to make room for new intake (Rank, n.d.). Captain Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton are credited for implementing early parole system in England (Rank, n.d.). Maconochie was governor of an English penal colony at Norfolk Island (Rank, n.d.). Convicted English offenders were transported to Australia from England and from Australia to the island; unfortunately, the conditions were extremely bad for the offenders (Rank, n.d.). Maconochie discontinued determinate sentencing and created a â€Å"mark system† (Rank, n.d.). Under the â€Å"mark system†, inmates could be granted release from prison based upon their hard work and good behavior (Rank, n.d.). Inmates earned marks, which were used to buy a reduction in sentence or goods; unfortunately, inmates had to undergo a variety of stages before they were released and the climbing through the stages depended on the number of marks received (Rank, n.d.). Similar to Maconochie, Sir Walter Crofton was convinced that the prison sentence should not

The Use of Police Technology - 1043 Words

While suspects are getting smarter by using more technical and advance ways of committing their crimes. Law enforcement has tried to keep up and even get one step in front of the criminals by finding more advanced technology. This paper will show just some of the new technology that law enforcement has started using in helping capture criminals. It will also show some of the technology that has come out to track the criminals that have been caught in the past. As the criminals come out with new ways to commit crimes law enforcement must keep up with their tactics. Computers in Police Vehicles The days of the officer pulling a vehicle or responding to a call without much information is gone. In today’s law enforcement advance technology†¦show more content†¦They can access reports that will have Victims information, witnesses and even suspect’s information. The Detectives can pull up anything they need to help in their investigation of the crime. The Detectives can even pull up field interrogation from the officers that they did in the field. This will let the Detectives know what suspects may have been in the area when the crime took place. The Detectives can also access alias files on suspects or people of interest in the crime. It will even pull up known associations that the suspect may have. Investigating crimes can be very time consuming for Detectives to find all the information but this makes their job a little easier by having it at their fingertips. Crime Mapping This program help the Federal, State, Local law enforcement agencies in knowing where crimes are going on and what location they are happening. Having this information will help law enforcement to analyze and formulate crime patterns in their area. Crime mapping has come a long ways in fifteen years, by helping in uncovering patterns in crimes so law enforcement can solve them. The new technology for Crime Mapping allows the police to know where a perpetrator may live, work or even hang out at. It also will do the same thing for victims involved in crimes. Most of the crime analysis show that criminals do their crimesShow MoreRelatedPolice Technology Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Technology CJA 214 October 9, 2010 Police Technology Police officers use a wide range of technology to protect individuals. Technology also makes it easier to identify the perpetrators of the crime committed. With modern day technology law enforcement can ensure a successful prosecution against those who break the law. Catching criminals is not easy work and if technology is helping law enforcement and the community more efficient and aware of the dangers in the city, town, or worldRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Law Enforcement Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology has been improved all around the world, having a huge impact on law enforcement. All the new technology that has been created such as body cameras, dash cameras, gunfire detection, and mobile systems are used as an advantage for policing in their daily work lives. These are just a few of the new and improved technology that are an assist in law enforcement in their duties to protect and serve. Law enforcement is now more efficient and effective with the different kinds of technology theyRead MoreComputers in law enforcement 726 Words   |  3 Pagesof the technologies that are used in today’s society mostly by people positively and negatively. This paper will first describe how computers are used in law enforcement. Then, this paper will discover how criminals use this technology and how it causes serious problems for innocent people. Next, this paper will describe how the computer system is or has been helpful in catching criminals and solving the problems. Technology is essentially transforming the face of society and the police work andRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagespeople dress and behave, but also there are many changes in forms of entertainment. In the past when technologies had not developed much, people usually entertained by getting together to dance, sing, or listen to music; many of them went to a small bar in the community to drink or play cards. Today is completely distinct from the time in the past. With innovative science and modern technologies, the entertainment has become easier and more convenient for all people. Everyone can relax and amuseRead MorePredictive Policing Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages2012 1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. 2. Describe how COMPSTAT, as an information system (IS), implements the four (4) basic IS functions: 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Feedback 3. Determine how information systems have allowed police departments that implement tools such as COMPSTAT to respond to crimeRead MorePolice Operations: Theory and Practice1707 Words   |  7 Pages.! Police Operations Name CJA/214 Month dd, 2011 Facilitators Name Police Operations In the United States, policing agencies at all levels participate in various activities and operations. Responsibility, naming, function, authority, and jurisdictions vary at local, state, and federal levels of law enforcement. Although there is little uniformity among them—and the relationships between them need to improve—these agencies face the same dangers, use similarRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States1454 Words   |  6 Pagesreduce police brutality in this country. There have been many suggestions by politicians on the ways that it could possibly be reduced. One of the things that is constantly brought is the possibility of police officers nationwide wearing mounted cameras on them throughout the duration of their shifts. This technology comes with both its positive and negative benefits, but it seems to be the topic most commonly talked about. I believe that this technology goes deeper than simply ensuring police officersRead Mo reTechnology And The Field Of Criminal Justice Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesever known as police cars and motorcycles’. For over a century the world has been making advances with technology in all areas of life, and the field of criminal justice has not been an exception to this technological advances. These advances in technology has taken the criminal justice field a long way from riding a horse bareback to driving armored cars. These advances along with many others have almost completely changed how things are handled in all aspects of the law. Technology is the persistentRead MoreThe Implementation Of Drone Technology And Surveillance And Biometrics1161 Words   |  5 Pagesresponding to distress calls encompass the function of a police agency. Criminals are becoming more and more sophisticated in finding methods on how to break the law with every technological advancement. Two future trends that can potentially aid police agencies combat crime is the implementation of drone technology and surveillance and biometrics. This paper will discuss these trends and explain the pros and cons of implementing them at police agencies. One major tool that law enforcement agenciesRead MoreThe Advancement of Police Departments902 Words   |  4 Pagesis a field that is forever advancing. Different police departments are using different technologies to combat more sophisticated criminals. Criminals now a days do not have to be in your presence to steal from you or attack you, criminals can steal your information over the Internet as well as bully/harass you through social media. What I will be looking at are the different methods police departments use to deter and stop crime. These technologies include things such as social media, body cameras

Conflict Crises and Environmental Health-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Disucss about the Conflict Crises and Environmental Health. Answer: Introduction: The conflict situation, regardless of the underlying situation behind it, gives rise to a number of key challenges. The political violence and brutality might be the reason behind an immense loss of human resource for the vulnerable region, another very influential impact of the war or conflict crisis brutalities is the phenomenon of mass migration. It has to be understood that the history has witnessed the concept of mass migration time and time again and yet the world is nowhere hear ready to house the huge quantity of people fleeing from the horror in their country during a conflict crisis. As an inevitable result the number of refugees is rising alarmingly all across the globe (Wolf et al. 2014). The living conditions of the refugees are blasphemous considering the lifestyle of the natives, and the refugees are not even provided the access to the vital human rights like sanitation, hygiene and clean water. As a result, the infectious diseases and health adversities like cholera, malnutrition, diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid and intestinal worms is escalating alarmingly in the refugees eventually leading to a huge loss of lives (Bartram and Cairncross 2010). This assignment will explore the burden of challenges on the refugee populations, and how three basic human rights, sanitation, hygiene and clean water are crucial to maintain the basic health outcome of any community and avoid the likelihood of the abovementioned disease outbreaks. Complications in crisis situations A Refugee Crisis refers to a situation caused due to displacement of large number of people comprised of aslylum seekers and refuges. As per the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, about 65.6 million people got displaced globally because of the reasons mentioned. This crisis can be cause because of Wars or civil unrests, Human rights violations (for example due to corruption in Uganda, Somalia, Nigeria), Environmental Conditions (for example in Bolivia or Tanzania), Economic Hardships (in third world countries). These displaced people, end up migrating to the nearest countries where they can seek asylum or refuge, and thereby causing an enormous influx of people. The temporary refugee camps set up to accommodate these individuals, are generally aimed to give the basic human necessities during their short duration of stay. Ideally, these settlements are supposed to have provisions for housing and sanitation, food rations, provide means of an income and security for the refu gees or asylum seekers, apart from ensuring democracy and justice and well being of these people. However, a study of several refugee camps shows that such parameters are not consistently maintained, and an overcrowding of the camps often resulted in deprivation of such facilities to the refugees. For an example, The Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan houses more than 83,000 people in simple, temporary tents, which provide very little or almost no protection against sub zero temperatures or now or flooding (King and Smith, 2015). Similarly, the Congolese refugees in the Nyarugusu camp in Tanzania have built their own settlements using unbaked bricks, so that they can be razed at a moments notice (Thomson, 2014). This temporary nature of the refugee camps makes them especially vulnerable to collapse on the long run, or when running at or above capacity. Because of this, there is an eventual breakdown of the available facilities like sanitation, water and food supply, and thereby neglecting the basic human necessities. A lack or shortage of funding to the host countries, political corruption, diplomacy and red-tapism, rebel or terrorist groups and fragmentation further complicates the situation, preventing the improvement of the situations seen in the camps. The risk of conflicts be comes even higher when the refugees live in oppressive setup, lacking the legal income sources and economy, and are denied the basic necessities (Lischer, 2017). The refugees also, end up being in peril, unable to return to their countries because of ongoing crisis, and unable to sustain living in camps because of the sub human conditions. Since the refugees often arrive in the camps in already poor health conditions, dependant on foreign aid, they are at a higher risk of mortality by measles, diarrhea type diseases, enteric diseases, measles, malaria, acute respiratory diseases, malnutrition and other infectious diseases. Additionally, some camps also showed a higher prevalence of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases due to engagement with sex workers, rape and insufficient access to health services. The Biggest barriers in the providence of healthcare and development in refugee camps are due to their remote locations, and limited supplies apart from their temporary nature (www.uniteforsight.org, 2017). The limited resources, compounded with frequent overcrowding strains the basic resources (like food and water) allocated to the refugees. T he constant influx or efflux of people to and from the camps also makes the sustenance of proper healthcare very difficult and challenging to overcome. Access to healthcare also depends vastly depending on the country of asylum and the type of settlement (refugee camp or urban/informal settlement). As per UNHCR reports, in Zatari Camp (Jordan), 72.1% of the visits to primary healthcare was for communicable diseases, 21.8% for non-communicable diseases, 4.8% for injury related issues and 1.3% for mental health issues. Similarly, most of visits from the refugee camps in Lebanon and Iraq were because of communicable diseases, compared to that for non-communicable diseases (7.4% for Iraq and 8.3% for Lebanon) (www.cdc.gov, 2017) Onset of diseases in conflict situation: The emergence of the diseases can be recognized in a population which involves a pathogen that is affecting some populations or any of the geographical areas. The emergence of the diseases is being influenced by the ecological and some of the environmental factors (Spengler et al., 2016). It also depends upon human behavior, technology, industry and sometimes microbial adaptation. These situations of conflict can be characterized by a war in between two countries or inside the country. These conflicts can lead to the migration of a large number of populations into some of the temporary camps or settlements (Leaning and Guha-Sapir 2013). These results into the overcrowding of the shelters, inadequacy in safe water, hygiene and sanitation, which eventually leads to the onset of the diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other health adversity conditions such as malnutrition and intestinal worms. In the pro-conflict situation the populations have a high rate of mortality and i llness which is caused due to the rise in the levels of malnutrition, stress for a long time and less coverage of vaccine. The diseases that are emerging in the history are the scariest part of the past. Life in the refugee camp was too difficult and it becomes impossible for the peoples to stay at the camps (Alawieh et al. 2014). Now a day the conflict situations arise too often. However in some of the situations the infectious diseases sometime become too complicated. Recently a known conflict is existed in the middle east countries and Africa. During the time of conflict the facilities got reduced as compared to the expected needs, there is reduction in proper sanitation, hygiene and scarcity of pure water. Some of the examples of the spread of the diseases are the spread of malaria during the Tajikistan war in 1960s, during this time the outbreak of plasmodium falciparum occurred in Tajikistan for the first time. Another outbreak that was caused is the Lassa fever which has been caused from the rodents (Sharara and Kanj 2014). In the similar way the improper conditions of sanitation has led to the increase of the rats which results in the outbreak of the disease known as Tularemia. In this disease the infected person mainly suffers from diarrhea and typhoid. The spread of the diseases also depends on the migration of the relief workers, refugees, animals and some of the employees those are working at the mining or the construction employees. There is also a possibility of spreading of the diseases from the infectious aid workers who had returned from the war zone is carrying the infections with them (Alasaad 2013). These workers are already being infected with the diseases such as chol era, dysentery, typhoid and many more. The risk factors that are responsible for the emergence of the diseases are worst conditions of the dwellings, unsecured storage of grains, defecation and urination at open spaces and contamination of the food materials by flies and insects. Crucial importance of sanitation and hygiene: Individuals fleeing from their native land often face challenges to avail basic elements of hygiene and sanitation. This is mainly due to the crisis situation that arises due to increase number of conflict between refuses coming from various Nation across globe. The lack of sanitation is also causing huge threats on the health and life cycle of the people, thereby increasing the risk of contaminated diseases. With the help of proper hygiene and sanitation program it is possible to provide proper protection and clean drinking water to millions of refugees within the temporary camps. It is important mentioned in the given context that the Refugee people originate from different cultural background. Hence, there is a huge difference in the process of maintaining hygiene and sanitation between different group of refugees. this is mainly due to the difference in lifestyle of different group of people (Harding et al. 2017). In this context, it is important for the Healthcare workers responsible for providing hygiene and safety to the respect the cultural values of every community within the Refugee camps. The help to deliver the program related to hygiene and sanitation that are in terms of individual cultural values. Empowering and educating the refugee people is one of the main importance of sanitation and hygiene program. It is also important to ensure the best possible security measures, which will have strict monitoring on the principles of sanitation and hygiene. Sustainable facilities and energy resources are few of the important elements array required in maintaining sanitation and hygiene (Harding et al. 2017). Shortage of clean drinking water is one of the major issues encountered in the refugee camps. Improve level of hygiene and sanitation program can help to provide emergency water supply during the time of crisis. Program of sanitation and hygiene also include construction of latrines and toilets. The health care team also provide proper resources for maintaining basic sanitation within the areas of Refugee camps. Biran et al. (2012), have mentioned about the importance of waste management program that are incorporated as a part of hygiene and sanitation. It is relevant to mention that due to lack of info lack of infrastructure and planning in constructing the refugee camps, it is highly tricky to offer proper waste control techniques. However, with the aid of plant waste management program, proper recycling and reusing of the waste for maintaining high level of sanitation. As mentioned by Cronin et al. (2008), the infection which is spread from the Refugee camps are also vulnerable to the local resident of the nation. The United State is one of the worst affected Nation, where local people every year have to suffer from various type of infectious disease that also include unknown form of illness. Hence, sanitation and hygiene program for the refugee camps can be a major cause of help for improving the health care condition of the host country. The sanitation and hygiene program will also include health screening, where every refugee have to undergo routine and basic medical checkup. This will help them to properly identify any form of infection or germs carried by the refugee people. It is Essential for the sanitation program to provide proper vaccination for better preventing of the infectious disease. From the report work of Scobie et al. (2017), it is clear that with the help of better level of sanitation and hygiene program it is possible to lessen the risks of communicable disease by 54%. There are many instances, where the case of sharing common latrines and toilets led to increased risk of spreading infectious disease. Sanitation program therefore helps to ensure that sufficient number of latrine is constructed within the refugee camps. Promoting cleanliness is another major element of the health sanitation and hygiene program. It is important to note that people within the refugee camps originate from different types of cultural background and most of them are from less educated background. Hence, with the awareness program for cleanliness, it is possible to incorporate the habit of cleanliness within the refugee people thereby decreasing the risk of spreading of infectious disease. Crucial importance of clean water: Clean water can be defined as the critical basic human right for everyone, without proper access to clean hygienic water for drinking there can be numerous health adversities that can come up any day. Adequate quantity of safe drinking water is an existential need for refugee camps as it has the potential to impart various serious implications in the living standards like the nutrition, health, education and sanitation. As per the data provided by the UNHCR, the refugee camps do not have the capability to provide the least requirement of 20 litres per day water per head to the camp members. The scarcity of clear water affects the nutrition, immunity and basic sanitation and hygiene immensely (Bartram and Cairncross 2010). It has to be mentioned in this context that, the most of the water-borne communicable diseases like the diarrheoa, cholera, dysentery, intestinal worms are essentially facilitated by unclean unhygienic water. Based on the annual prediction of the world health organi zation, clean and safe drinking water given equally to all refugee camp members can potentially save 1.4 million deaths due to diarrhoea, 500000 deaths due to malaria, and 860000 deaths due to malnutrition on a yearly basis. On a more elaborative note, a research study characterized 11% of the entire cholera cases n a Kenya refugee camp due to the lack of basic 20 litres of water per day provided to the members of the refugee camp. A very similar trend in communicable disease outbreak had been identified for diarrhoea in a Kenyan and Ghanaian refugee camp in 2006 with a shocking lack of 26% of clean water as per the basic daily requirements (Hunter, MacDonald and Carter 2010). Importance of clean water is not limited to delivery of non-contaminated water supplied to the refugee communities. In most of the refugee camps, the transfer mechanism of the contamination free water can successfully pollute clean water and eventually lead to the refugees succumbing to the most of the water borne diseases. The transfer of the water between the containers, storage vans, pipes and vessels in the camp being contaminated can increase the risk factor of contamination effectively. While discussing the impact of clean water on restoring th4e good health of the refugee camp members, the physical burden of water accessibility from far away regions can also complicate the refugees from collecting contamination free water (Brown, Cairncross and Ensink 2013). As per the WHO and UNCHR guidelines, refugee camps must have availability of clean water within 200 meter radius of the camp itself, although the recent statistics state that refugee camps in Uganda has only 43% of the pop ulation who fall inside the 200 meter radius of the water pumps. Hence, there are many adversities that are still prevalent in the refugee camps all over the world where the lack of clean water is imparting a significant detrimental effect on the health and wellbeing of the population and opening up the flood gates for all the waterborne communicable diseases, and there is need for better accessibility, availability and transferring of contamination free drinking water to these camps in adequate quantity to avoid these consequences of conflict crises (Hlavsa et al. 2011). Conclusion: With an understanding of the problems that are caused during refugee crisis related to health, we can identify a start lack of basic amenities and necessities like sanitation, health, and availability as wellas access to clean drinking water, all of which are basic human rights (Campbell et al., 2015). Therefore, the utmost importance is to maintain the basic qualities of living in these camps, to ensure a decent standard of life and prevent the breakout of spreadable and enteric diseases in these areas. This can additionally help to mitigate the crisis, and prevent refugee uprising and violence, which might have adverse socioeconomic implications. Also, stopping the spread of communicable diseases in the camps can prevent the spread outside the camps References: Alasaad, S., 2013. War diseases revealed by the social media: massive leishmaniasis outbreak in the Syrian Spring.Parasites vectors,6(1), p.94. Alawieh, A., Musharrafieh, U., Jaber, A., Berry, A., Ghosn, N. and Bizri, A.R., 2014. Revisiting leishmaniasis in the time of war: the Syrian conflict and the Lebanese outbreak.International Journal of Infectious Diseases,29, pp.115-119. Bartram, J. and Cairncross, S., 2010. Hygiene, sanitation, and water: forgotten foundations of health.PLoS medicine,7(11), p.e1000367. Biran, A., Schmidt, W.P., Zeleke, L., Emukule, H., Khay, H., Parker, J. and Peprah, D., 2012. Hygiene and sanitation practices amongst residents of three long?term refugee camps in Thailand, Ethiopia and Kenya. Tropical medicine international health, 17(9), pp.1133-1141. Brown, J., Cairncross, S. and Ensink, J.H., 2013. Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children.Archives of disease in childhood, pp.archdischild-2011. Campbell, O.M., Benova, L., Gon, G., Afsana, K. and Cumming, O., 2015. Getting the basic rightsthe role of water, sanitation and hygiene in maternal and reproductive health: a conceptual framework.Tropical medicine international health,20(3), pp.252-267. Cronin, A.A., Shrestha, D., Cornier, N., Abdalla, F., Ezard, N. and Aramburu, C., 2008. A review of water and sanitation provision in refugee camps in association with selected health and nutrition indicatorsthe need for integrated service provision. Journal of water and health, 6(1), pp.1-13. Harding, E., Beckworth, C., Fesselet, J.F., Lenglet, A., Lako, R. and Valadez, J.J., 2017. Using lot quality assurance sampling to assess access to water, sanitation and hygiene services in a refugee camp setting in South Sudan: a feasibility study. BMC public health, 17(1), p.643. Hlavsa, M.C., Roberts, V.A., Anderson, A.R., Hill, V.R., Kahler, A.M., Orr, M., Garrison, L.E., Hicks, L.A., Newton, A., Hilborn, E.D. and Wade, T.J., 2011. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks and other health events associated with recreational waterUnited States, 20072008.MMWR Surveill Summ,60(12), pp.1-32. Hunter, P.R., MacDonald, A.M. and Carter, R.C., 2010. Water supply and health.PLoS medicine,7(11), p.e1000361. King, J. and Smith, R., 2015. Zaatari refugee camp: A new'city'.Interaction,43(1), p.23. Leaning, J. and Guha-Sapir, D., 2013. Natural disasters, armed conflict, and public health.New England journal of medicine,369(19), pp.1836-1842. Lischer, S.K., 2017. The Global Refugee Crisis: Regional Destabilization Humanitarian Protection.Ddalus. Scobie, H.M., Phares, C.R., Wannemuehler, K.A., Nyangoma, E., Taylor, E.M., Fulton, A., Wongjindanon, N., Aung, N.R., Travers, P. and Date, K., 2017. Correction: Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 11(7), p.e0005810. Sharara, S.L. and Kanj, S.S., 2014. War and infectious diseases: challenges of the Syrian civil war.PLoS Pathogens,10(11), p.e1004438. Spengler, J.R., Ervin, E.D., Towner, J.S., Rollin, P.E. and Nichol, S.T., 2016. Perspectives on west africa ebola virus disease outbreak, 20132016.Emerging infectious diseases,22(6), p.956. Thomson, M.J., 2014. Mud, Dust, and Maroug: Precarious Construction in a Congolese Refugee Camp.Architectural Theory Review,19(3), pp.376-392. Wolf, J., Prss?Ustn, A., Cumming, O., Bartram, J., Bonjour, S., Cairncross, S., Clasen, T., Colford, J.M., Curtis, V., France, J. and Fewtrell, L., 2014. Systematic review: assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low?and middle?income settings: systematic review and meta?regression.Tropical Medicine International Health,19(8), pp.928-942. www.cdc.gov (2017).Healthcare Access and Health Concerns among Syrian Refugees Living in Camps or Urban Settings Overseas | Syrian | Refugee Health Profiles | Immigrant and Refugee Health | CDC. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/profiles/syrian/healthcare-diet/index.html [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. www.uniteforsight.org (2017).Healthcare in Refugee Camps and Settlements. [online] Uniteforsight.org. Available at: https://www.uniteforsight.org/refugee-health/module1 [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017].

Time Philosophy Essays - Philosophy Of Time, Grammatical Tenses

Time Philosophy The temporal world in which we live encompasses everything we know. All of our knowledge comes from a trust of five and a half billion people that have no idea where they came from, and no idea where they are headed; a world of blind leading blind. A vital component of this reality exists in a form that is neither provable, nor ideal. This supposedly perfect form of measurement, known as time, runs our lives until we fall so far behind that our bodies finally give out and die. This merciless device, described in three forms, past, present and future, drives on as you read these words. These three simple words hold all the power ever known on earth. They are the essential elements to our lives as well as the formula that keeps us mortal. Without it, perhaps, we could not exist; maybe we would become immortal, like gods. At present, we are all in the process of trying to accomplish something; a task, action, or lack thereof. At any given instance, the present exists. One can choose any moment in history, and, at some time, it had existed in the form of the present. Also, in the mind of the person remembering this moment in the past, it exists as present in that particular memory. How can we know that the definition of the word present actually establishes this instant in time? The instant itself only lasts for zero time before subsequent moments follow. How can one define what a word means if one cannot observe the object it represents? Right as one realizes what this present consists of, it leaves his world, a new present moment replacing it, departing before it is realized as well. This process has always occurred, always will. All societies have blindly accepted this curse of never knowing when one can trust this manmade idea to exist in any form but theory. All of the history we can possibly believe to be positively true is that of what we experience. How can we as individuals fillied with cynicism absolutely accept as truth the supposed facts only relayed to us by strangers? All of the text books, documents, and lectures contain both infestations of opinion and, more importantly, second hand accounts of an event one cannot experience first hand. Therefore, present is the only frame in time that the current human race can trust fully as true. Both the past and the future, for different reasons, diverge from the present because of the fact that one cannot assume that they ever have taken place, or ever will. Comparatively, the past consists of moments that have lived and died. It presents itself as a string of dead presents. Only two things signify the past: memory and past tense. In no other mode of thinking can one express past. Even if one could possibly travel back into time, that person would never actually reach the past, for when that individual reaches any moment in time, in their point of view, they are in the present. Therefore, one can only visualize the past, but can never become it. This is the argument that disproves the existence of the past. One can never achieve it. On the other hand, one can achieve the near future. One cannot even be sure that the past, even the last few seconds, ever has existed. If God, or whatever created the universe, did so at this very instance, and created the memories that all of humanity possess right now, humanity would never know because they remember many years worth of the 'past.' In this twisted mode of thought, past and future converge; with the uncertainty of whether each had or will ever exist. Past differs with the future for three other reasons as well:, thought, future tense, and free will. Many think of the past as a series of mistakes, a voodoo doll for any to stab. With reminders of failures and chances not taken, humans have a tendency to treat the past as a pile of dust that will not fit under the rug. The past may appear tainted, but the future holds boundless possibilities. In no other domain of time does free will take refuge. The blessing, and curse, of free will holds all the positive, or negative, prospects that saturate an open mind. The future exists for two main reasons: to take up time otherwise wasted, and for an empty slate to make up for the losses in the past. The uncertainty